در این متن قصد داریم مراحل نصب Oracle Database 23ai free را بر روی اوراکل لینوکس 8 توضیح دهیم در ابتدا باید متذکر شویم که حجم هر دیتابیس(PDB) در نسخه FREE نمی تواند بیشتر از 12GB شود و همچنین برای استفاده از RAM و CPU هم محدودیت دارد:

RPM مربوطه را از سایت اوراکل دانلود می کنیم:

برای نصب   23ai FREE، ابتدا باید پیش نیاز های نصب اوراکل نظیر نصب package، ایجاد کاربر oracle، تنظیم کرنل و… را انجام دهیم که با دانلود و اجرای oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm می توانیم همه شرایط نصب اوراکل 23ai را فراهم کنیم البته قبل از نصب این RPM باید repository را ایجاد کنیم:

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel8.repo

[InstallMedia-BaseOS]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 - BaseOS
metadata_expire=-1
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
baseurl=file:///dvd/BaseOS/
 [InstallMedia-AppStream]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 - AppStream
metadata_expire=-1
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
baseurl=file:///dvd/AppStream/

با دستور زیر RPM را نصب می کنیم:

[root@OEL8 source]# dnf -y install oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
Last metadata expiration check: 79 days, 9:48:59 ago on Wed 14 Feb 2024 09:46:03 PM +0330.
Dependencies resolved.
==============================================================================================================================================
 Package                                           Architecture             Version                      Repository                      Size
==============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 oracle-database-preinstall-23ai                   x86_64                   1.0-2.el8                    @commandline                    30 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 30 k
Installed size: 78 k
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                      1/1
  Installing       : oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64                                                                     1/1
  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64                                                                     1/1
  Verifying        : oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64                                                                     1/1

Installed:
  oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64

Complete!

در قدم بعدی RPM مربوط به oracle 23ai را نصب می کنیم:

[root@OEL8 source]# dnf -y install oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
Last metadata expiration check: 79 days, 9:51:18 ago on Wed 14 Feb 2024 09:46:03 PM +0330.
Dependencies resolved.
==============================================================================================================================================
 Package                                       Architecture               Version                      Repository                        Size
==============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 oracle-database-free-23ai                     x86_64                     1.0-1                        @commandline                     1.3 G

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 1.3 G
Installed size: 3.6 G
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                      1/1
  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                               1/1
  Installing       : oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                               1/1
  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                               1/1
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
To configure Oracle Database Free, optionally modify the parameters in '/etc/sysconfig/oracle-free-23ai.conf' and then run '/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure' as root.

  Verifying        : oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                               1/1

Installed:
  oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64

Complete!

از طریق فایل لاگی که در مسیر زیر قرار دارد، می توانیم اطلاعات بیشتری از جزییات نصب ببینیم:

[root@OEL8 ~]# cd /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-23ai/results/
[root@OEL8 results]# tail -f orakernel.log

INFO: Boot parameters will be effected on next reboot
INFO: Altered file /etc/default/grub
INFO: Copy of the changed file is in - /etc/default/grub-oracle-database-preinstall-23ai.orabackup
INFO: Copy of the original file is in - /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-23ai/backup/May-04-2024-08-35-03
Verification & setting of boot parameters passed
Setting parameters in /etc/sysconfig/network is not relevant for 23
Setting /etc/sysconfig/network parameters passed
Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-23ai/backup/May-04-2024-08-35-03

نرم افزار اوراکل در مسیر opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/ نصب شده است:

[oracle@OEL8 ~]$ export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
[oracle@OEL8 ~]$ export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree
[oracle@OEL8 ~]$ /opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/bin/sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 4 09:10:18 2024
Version 23.4.0.24.05
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>

برای ایجاد دیتابیس می توانیم تنظیمات دلخواه نظیر کاراکترست، مسیر دیتافایلها، فعال بودن TDE و … را در مسیر etc/sysconfig/oracle-free-23ai.conf/ اعمال کنیم:

[root@OEL8 source]# cat /etc/sysconfig/oracle-free-23ai.conf
#This is a configuration file to setup the Oracle Database.
#It is used when running '/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure'.
# LISTENER PORT used Database listener, Leave empty for automatic port assignment
LISTENER_PORT=1525
# Character set of the database
CHARSET=AR8MSWIN1256
# Database file directory
# If not specified, database files are stored under Oracle base/oradata
DBFILE_DEST=/oradata
# DB Domain name
DB_DOMAIN=
# Configure TDE
CONFIGURE_TDE=false
# Encrypt Tablespaces list, Leave empty for user tablespace alone or provide ALL for encrypting all tablespaces
# For specific tablespaces use SYSTEM:true,SYSAUX:false
ENCRYPT_TABLESPACES=
# SKIP Validations, memory, space
SKIP_VALIDATIONS=false

با اجرای اسکریپت etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure/ می توانیم دیتابیس را ایجاد کنیم:

[root@OEL8 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the password:
Configuring Oracle Listener.
Listener configuration succeeded.
Configuring Oracle Database FREE.
Enter SYS user password:
****
Enter SYSTEM user password:
*****
Enter PDBADMIN User Password:
******
Prepare for db operation
7% complete
Copying database files
File "/etc/oratab" is not accessible.
29% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
30% complete
33% complete
36% complete
39% complete
43% complete
Completing Database Creation
47% complete
49% complete
50% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
54% complete
71% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
93% complete
Running Custom Scripts
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:FREE
System Identifier(SID):FREE
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE/FREE.log" for further details.

Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:
     Pluggable database: OEL8:1525/FREEPDB1
     Multitenant container database: OEL8:1525

دیتابیس بدون خطا ایجاد شد:

[oracle@OEL8 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 4 09:42:53 2024
Version 23.4.0.24.05
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Version 23.4.0.24.05

SQL> show pdbs
    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 FREEPDB1                       READ WRITE NO

SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oradata/FREE/system01.dbf
/oradata/FREE/pdbseed/system01.dbf
/oradata/FREE/sysaux01.dbf
/oradata/FREE/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
/oradata/FREE/users01.dbf
/oradata/FREE/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
/oradata/FREE/undotbs01.dbf
/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/system01.dbf
/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/sysaux01.dbf
/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/undotbs01.dbf
/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/users01.dbf
11 rows selected.

Vahid Yousefzadeh

ارائه خدمات مشاوره ، پشتیبانی و نصب و راه اندازی پایگاه داده اوراکل در سراسر کشور...................... تلفن: 09128110897 ایمیل:vahidusefzadeh@gmail.com